Thyroid eye disease (TED) is an autoimmune condition that can lead to significant visual impairment, facial disfigurement and decreased quality of life. It affects 16 out of every 100,000 females and 2.9 out of every 100,000 males. Risk factors for TED include age, female ...

Contrast sensitivity (CS), which is an important element of functional vision, helps in differentiating an object from its background. CS affects several aspects of vision, such as acuity, dark adaptation, visual field, motion detection and pattern recognition.1 A decline in ...

The demands for refractive surgery weigh on achieving the best unaided vision postoperatively. This, in many clinics, lines up with achieving a plano or minimal spherocylindrical manifest refraction. However, in my experience, many patients are complaining of blurred vision after ...

Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) and diabetic macular oedema (DME) are two leading causes of visual impairment and blindness in the USA.1,2 Faricimab is the first bispecific antibody approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in ophthalmology and was ...

The accumulation of transudative fluid in the suprachoroidal space, known as choroidal effusion, is a prevalent and often asymptomatic complication of glaucoma surgery. Choroidal effusions have also been linked with other aetiologies, including infections, inflammatory diseases, medications and other ocular ...

Recent advancements in publicly available artificial intelligence (AI) large language models (LLMs) have piqued the interest of the medical community. LLMs are 'trained' using massive datasets and can generate natural language text in response to free-text inputs. Conversational agents (chatbots), ...

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the main causes of irreversible vision loss in ageing populations worldwide.1 In 2019, the US recorded 1.49 million people aged 40 years or older with late-stage AMD, reflecting a crude prevalence rate of 0.94%.2 Geographic atrophy (GA), ...

Welcome to the latest edition of touchREVIEWS in Ophthalmology, and my first as the journal’s Editor-in-Chief. In this issue, we are delighted to present a series of compelling articles providing insights into some of the cutting-edge developments in this ...

Retinal pharmacotherapy encompasses various drug delivery routes that offer potential avenues for effective treatment (Figure 1). Among these, intravitreal injections have emerged as the predominant method employed in clinical practice.1 They have established themselves as the primary approach for administering anti-vascular ...