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Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) and diabetic macular oedema (DME) are two leading causes of visual impairment and blindness in the USA.1,2 Faricimab is the first bispecific antibody approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in ophthalmology and was made available to retina specialists in January 2022 for treating nAMD and DME.3,4 The approval of faricimab gave retina […]

Welcome to the latest edition of touchREVIEWS in Ophthalmology, and my first as the journal’s Editor-in-Chief. In this issue, we are delighted to present a series of compelling articles providing insights into some of the cutting-edge developments in this diverse and ever-evolving field. Dhanashree Ratra and Aashna Ratra open the edition with the first in […]

Retinal pharmacotherapy encompasses various drug delivery routes that offer potential avenues for effective treatment (Figure 1). Among these, intravitreal injections have emerged as the predominant method employed in clinical practice.1 They have established themselves as the primary approach for administering anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy, serving as the frontline treatment for neovascular age-related macular degeneration […]

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a progressive eye condition that affects millions of people worldwide and poses a significant threat to vision in individuals over the age of 50.1 Of the two types of AMD, wet AMD, which is characterized by the growth of a choroidal neovascular membrane, is responsible for approximately 90% of the vision […]

Diabetic macular edema is characterised by exudative fluid accumulation in the macula and is the most common form of sight-threatening retinopathy in people with diabetes affecting one in 15 people with diabetes. Intraocular pharmacotherapy with anti-VEGF agents is the standard of care. It was a pleasure to speak with Dr Jennifer Lim (University of Illinois […]

With the introduction of monoclonal antibody inhibitors for all isoforms of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A, which were first presented in September 2005 with off-label use of bevacizumab, significant anatomical and visual improvements for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) became a reality. Following the landmark ANCHOR and MARINA trials, which showed that monthly ranibizumab injections resulted in 7.2–11.0 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) letters gained after 1 year of treatment, anti-VEGF agents became the standard of care for nAMD.1,2 The […]

Corticosteroids are the best choice for treating various ocular conditions affecting the anterior and posterior segments of the eye.1 Currently, different routes are available for ocular administration of corticosteroids. Topical application to the eye is the route of choice when targeting diseases affecting the ocular surface and anterior segment, whereas posterior segment conditions may require periocular, […]

Biologics have redefined the outcomes of retinal pathologies by targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway. Anti-VEGF therapy has prevented millions of people from going blind due to retinal vascular pathologies.1 Apart from preventing morbidity, it has a widespread financial benefit for patients, and the benefits seem to be huge compared with the cost […]

The subspecialty of the retina has been transformed by anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) medications over the last two decades.1 These include bevacizumab (Avastin®, Genetech, San Francisco, CA, USA), ranibizumab (Lucentis®, Genentech, San Francisco, CA, USA), aflibercept (Eylea®, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, USA), brolicizumab (Beovu®, Novartis, Basel, Switzerland) and faricimab (Vabsymo™, Genentech, San Francisco, CA, USA), […]